Fathers Day Messages of Love

Have you read about Team Hoyt? Dick Hoyt and Rick Hoyt, the father-son duo who surmounted all odds to prove that anything is possible if you believe. Rick Hoyt, a quadriplegic with cerebral palsy and his dad Dick Hoyt are an inseparable team that competes in triathlons, marathons, and other races. Together, they have competed in over a thousand athletic activities. Their story speaks of inspiration, endurance, and love. A father who will stop at nothing to give his son a fulfilling life. A son who worships his father and enthusiastically participates in his fathers mission. The Hoyt team is truly a remarkable icon of father-son love. In everyday life, we come across many such devoted fathers. Your dad may not perform extraordinary feats to prove his fatherly love. But his simple gestures will convince you how much he loves you. He may not express his love with words or gifts. But actions speak louder than words. Notice how protective he gets about you? Watch the worry lines crease his forehead when he is unable to fulfill your desires? That speaks of love. Fathers Day Messages Help Bridge the Gap Many dads experience a strange awkwardness at expressing their feelings towards their kids. It gets tougher as kids grow up. When children attain teenage, the father-child relationship can get strained. Have you ever been given the cold shoulder, or the silent treatment, by your teenage daughter? The problem may not be you, it could be the teenage phase. Teenage can be difficult for fathers and children. Fathers need to handle this difficult phase with sensitivity. As a father, you need to express your love and support to your child. Sometimes, words may be difficult. However, these Fathers Day quotes and sayings can help express your feelings. You can reach out to your son or daughter with thoughtful, sweet quotes. Shower Your Father With Love Your father, however tough he may be from the outside, is a softhearted man. He needs your love just as much as you need his. On Fathers Day, break the barrier of awkwardness and express yourself. With a meaningful Fathers Day message, you can reach out to him. Barack Obama Above all, children need our unconditional love, whether they succeed or make mistakes; when life is easy and when life is tough. Dick Hoyt When we got home from that race that night, Rick wrote on the computer, Dad, when I run it feels like my disability disappears. So, that was a very powerful message to me. Reed Markham Being a great father is like shaving. No matter how good you shaved today, you have to do it again tomorrow. Mark Wahlberg I stopped smoking weed for my kids. One day, we were driving and you could smell it from somewhere. My daughter asked what the smell was so I told her it was a skunk. Then she said, ‘Sometimes Daddy smells like that!’ to me and my wife. So I knew I had to quit. Tiger Woods Giving my son, Charlie, a bath, for example, beats chipping another bucket of balls. Making mac and cheese for him and his sister, Sam, is better than dining in any restaurant. Sharing a laugh watching cartoons or reading a book beats channel-surfing alone. Some nights now, it’s just me and the kids, an experience that’s both trying and rewarding. Probably like the experience a lot of families have every evening around the world. Brandon Routh, Superman Returns You will make my strength your own. You will see my life through your eyes, as your life will be seen through mine. The son becomes the father and the father becomes the son. George Banks, Father of the Bride Ive always been a concerned parent. Im big on car seats, seat belts, bed times, curfews, calling when you get somewhere, never running with a sharp object. What can I say? Im a father. Worrying comes with the territory. Robert Downey Jr. Do I want to be a hero to my son? No. I would like to be a very real human being. Thats hard enough. Jay-Z I thought I would be more inspired to have all these new feelings to talk about, but I really just want to hang out with my daughter. Dave Barry For Dad, the perfect Fathers Day would be one in which he didnt even realize that it was Fathers Day, because nobody was making him appreciate gifts he didnt want, or read greeting cards filled with lame Fathers Day poetry. Lydia M. Child Blessed indeed is the man who hears many gentle voices call him father! John Sinor It is admirable for a man to take his son fishing, but there is a special place in heaven for the father who takes his daughter shopping. Aeschylus Honour thy father and thy mother stands written among the three laws of most revered righteousness. Dan Zevin Lately all my friends are worried that theyre turning into their fathers. Im worried that Im not. Mike Sager The reward of child rearing is spending the rest of your life proudly knowing this person you helped guide. Let him be himself. Jean Paul Richter The words that a father speaks to his children in the privacy of home are not heard by the world, but, as in whispering-galleries, they are clearly heard at the end and by posterity. Louisa May Alcott Father asked us what was Gods noblest work. Anna said men, but I said babies. Men are often bad, but babies never are. Bruce Springsteen In the early years, I found a voice that was my voice and also partly my fathers voice. But isnt that what you always do? Why do kids at 5 years old go into the closet and put their daddys shoes on? Hey, my kids do it. Will Arnett I want my son to wear a helmet twenty four hours a day.

Jacob Kounin - 700 Words

Jacob Kounin Who Is Jacob Kounin? * Jacob Kounin is a classroom behaviorist theorist. He first started as a psychologist at Wayne State University in Detroit, Michigan. * He is best known for two studies he did in 1970 that was based on classroom management. * He began his studies in 1970 by writing Discipline and Group Management in Classrooms. He wrote the book to discuss the effective and ineffective behaviors in the classroom. The process began by observing teachers in an everyday classroom setting to see how they handled misbehaving. He found that no matter how the teacher’s handled the given situation, the outcome was always the same. His conclusion was basically to prevent misbehavior before it even happens.†¦show more content†¦Momentum is also a learning tool for teachers. After completing a lesson and the students are just not getting it, the teacher can reevaluate how he or she wrote it. Smoothness * Smoothness basically boils down to having daily routines and procedures. If you explain to students what you expect out of them at the beginning of the year, your classroom will run a lot smoother. Smoothness can occur in a classroom starting with morningShow MoreRelatedTheorist Approaches Of Classroom Management Essay1592 Words   |  7 Pageslearning). The role of the teacher is to establish and maintain a productive social system or a productive classroom group (McDonald, 2010). This can be achieved by using the Group Process Approach strategies: 1. Exhibits â€Å"withitness† behaviors (Kounin) 2. Exhibits overlapping behaviors 3. Maintains group focus 4. Fosters reasonable, clearly understood expectations (foundation) 5. Shares leadership 6. Fosters open communication 7. Fosters attraction 8. Establishes and maintains group morale (teacherRead MoreThe Impact Of Modern Day Education On The World Of Education1475 Words   |  6 Pageseducation. However, amongst these numerous individuals, there have been six management strategists in particular whose work has vastly influenced modern day education. These six: B.F. Skinner, Fritz Redl and William Wattenberg, William Glasser, Jacob Kounin, Haim Ginott, and Rudolf Dreikurs are considered to be pioneers of modern discipline. These strategists, different in their principle teachings and contributions, have provided educators all around the world with the knowledge and skills necessaryRead MoreEffective Teaching And Classroom Management1344 Words   |  6 Pagesflexible and able to identify which teaching strategy will be most effective in their classroom. Jacob Kounin introduced five principles of classroom behaviour management which have been clearly associated with higher student learning levels and effective teaching (Ba rry King, 1998). This essay will endeavour to outline and reflect on effective teaching strategies and the key principles of Kounins variables: Withitness, overlappingness, smoothness, slowdowns, student accountability and how theyRead MoreManaging Challenging Behaviors Within Classroom Management976 Words   |  4 Pagesmentioned in part 1 is influenced by various behaviours theories. The first one is for Jacob Kounin who identified the importance of preventing the disruptive actions in the first place from happening . This could be illustrated through a well prepared lesson with a specific characteristics, including, withitness, smoothness, momentum, overlapping and group alerting (Kounin, Friesen Norton, 1966; Kounin, 1970; Kounin Doyle, 1975). Withitness means that the teacher needs to be aware of everything happeningRead MoreThe Impact Of Ecological Classroom Management On The Classroom1341 Words   |  6 Pagestheory and comparing their disciplinary actions within. Jacob Kounin: Instructional Management According to Kounin, in order to be a successful instructor, you must show appropriate behaviors as a teacher, maintain appropriate instructional motion and plan a learning environment that is beneficial to learning and behavior. Teachers must take themselves and their actions in the classroom into account when considering the behavior of students. Kounin identified several behaviors of teachers that can contributeRead MoreMy Philosophy Of Classroom Management1428 Words   |  6 Pagessomeone there to help you whenever you most need it. There is also always going to be someone who recognizes your natural talents. My philosophy of classroom management comes from these four theorists: Curwin and Mendler, Fredric Jones, and Jacob Kounin. Curwin and Mendler focus on the seven different principals of Discipline with Dignity. Along with Curwin and Mendler, Kounin’s theory is very similar in the sense that the multiple discipline techniques and strategies were implemented to preventRead MoreClassroom Management Pl Philosophy And Theory2544 Words   |  11 Pagesbest approach to teaching, and it helps in enhancing its effectiveness. 1.1 Theory A number of theorists have come up with ideas about effective classroom management. The most prominent theorists include Burrhus Frederic Skinner, Rudolf Dreikurs, Jacob Kounin, Alfie Kohn, Fred Jones, William Glasser, Haim Ginott, and Thomas Gordon. These theorists have had a profound impact on classroom management at both elementary and secondary school levels. Frederic Skinner was a psychologist who held the viewRead MoreClassroom Management Plan Proforma, A List of Things to Consider When Planning a Class2984 Words   |  12 Pagesand relaxation to make the students and teacher feel like a community. My teaching approach is authoritative/ democratic, using an instructional management plan, following an interactionist theory of teaching. I am heavily influenced by theorist Jacob Kounin where he believes that teachers prevent misbehavior through awareness in the classroom and by using effective lesson management techniques to influence student behavior. I believe that primary prevention is fundamental with dealing with classroomRead MoreAn Effective Classroom Management Plan Essay1205 Words   |  5 Pagessuch give me a dejavue flashback to the need for change spurred by the educational reform, which the Sputnik Era generated to the institution of the open classroom also known as the school without walls, which was based upon the researcher like Jacob Kounin. Ideas which were utilized in the school without wall like students working in groups, teachers’ facilitating the learning experience, reconfiguration of the learning environment to engage students, and student directed learning sounds very similarRead MoreA Study Of Teaching Classroom Discipline / Management Techniques Essay1551 Words   |  7 Pagestec hniques. Finally, the third section discusses the different types of discipline procedures that should be taught. David mention seven methods that will improve classroom discipline management. These methods were designed by the following authors: Jacob Kounin, B. F. Skinner, William Glasser, James Dobson, Haim Ginott, Frederic Jones, and Lee Center. As a conclusion, each classroom techniques had two points in common. One point is they all had positive and negative reinforcement. The next point is

The Subtle Knife Chapter Five Free Essays

Chapter Five Airmail Paper â€Å"Will,† said Lyra. She spoke quietly, but he was startled all the same. She was sitting on the bench beside him and he hadn’t even noticed. We will write a custom essay sample on The Subtle Knife Chapter Five or any similar topic only for you Order Now â€Å"Where did you come from?† â€Å"I found my Scholar! She’s called Dr. Malone. And she’s got an engine that can see Dust, and she’s going to make it talk – â€Å" â€Å"I didn’t see you coming.† â€Å"You weren’t looking,† she said. â€Å"You must’ve been thinking about something else. It’s a good thing I found you. Look, it’s easy to fool people. Watch.† Two police officers were strolling toward them, a man and a woman on the beat, in their white summer shirtsleeves, with their radios and their batons and their suspicious eyes. Before they reached the bench, Lyra was on her feet and speaking to them. â€Å"Please, could you tell me where the museum is?† she said. â€Å"Me and my brother was supposed to meet our parents there and we got lost.† The policeman looked at Will, and Will, containing his anger, shrugged as if to say, â€Å"She’s right, we’re lost, isn’t it silly.† The man smiled. The woman said: â€Å"Which museum? The Ashmolean?† â€Å"Yeah, that one,† said Lyra, and pretended to listen carefully as the woman gave her instructions. Will got up and said, â€Å"Thanks,† and he and Lyra moved away together. They didn’t look back, but the police had already lost interest. â€Å"See?† she said. â€Å"If they were looking for you, I put ’em off. ‘Cause they won’t be looking for someone with a sister. I better stay with you from now on,† she went on scoldingly once they’d gone around the corner. â€Å"You en’t safe on your own.† He said nothing. His heart was thumping with rage. They walked along toward a round building with a great leaden dome, set in a square bounded by honey-colored stone college buildings and a church and wide-crowned trees above high garden walls. The afternoon sun drew the warmest tones out of it all, and the air felt rich with it, almost the color itself of heavy golden wine. All the leaves were still, and in this little square even the traffic noise was hushed. She finally became aware of Will’s feelings and said, â€Å"What’s the matter?† â€Å"If you speak to people, you just attract their attention,† he said, with a shaking voice. â€Å"You should just keep quiet and still and they overlook you. I’ve been doing it all my life. I know how to do it. Your way, you just – you make yourself visible. You shouldn’t do that. You shouldn’t play at it. You’re not being serious.† â€Å"You think so?† she said, and her anger flashed. â€Å"You think I don’t know about lying and that? I’m the best liar there ever was. But I en’t lying to you, and I never will, I swear it. You’re in danger, and if I hadn’t done that just then, you’d’ve been caught. Didn’t you see ’em looking at you? ‘Cause they were. You en’t careful enough. If you want my opinion, it’s you that en’t serious.† â€Å"If I’m not serious, what am I doing hanging about waiting for you when I could be miles away? Or hiding out of sight, safe in that other city? I’ve got my own things to do, but I’m hanging about here so I can help you. Don’t tell me I’m not serious.† â€Å"You had to come through,† she said, furious. No one should speak to her like this. She was an aristocrat. She was Lyra. â€Å"You had to, else you’d never find out anything about your father. You done it for yourself, not for me.† They were quarreling passionately, but in subdued voices, because of the quiet in the square and the people who were wandering past nearby. When she said this, though, Will stopped altogether. He had to lean against the college wall beside him. The color had left his face. â€Å"What do you know about my father?† he said very quietly. She replied in the same tone. â€Å"I don’t know anything. All I know is you’re looking for him. That’s all I asked about.† â€Å"Asked who?† â€Å"The alethiometer, of course.† It took a moment for him to remember what she meant. And then he looked so angry and suspicious that she took it out of her rucksack and said, â€Å"All right, I’ll show you.† And she sat down on the stone curb around the grass in the middle of the square and bent her head over the golden instrument and began to turn the hands, her fingers moving almost too quickly to see, and then pausing for several seconds while the slender needle whipped around the dial, flicking to a stop here and there, and then turning the hands to new positions just as quickly. Will looked around carefully, but there was no one near to see; a group of tourists looked up at the domed building, an ice-cream vendor wheeled his cart along the pavement, but their attention was elsewhere. Lyra blinked and sighed, as if she were waking after a sleep. â€Å"Your mother’s ill,† she said quietly. â€Å"But she’s safe. There’s this lady looking after her. And you took some letters and ran away. And there was a man, I think he was a thief, and you killed him. And you’re looking for your father, and – â€Å" â€Å"All right, shut up,† said Will. â€Å"That’s enough. You’ve got no right to look into my life like that. Don’t ever do that again. That’s just spying.† â€Å"I know when to stop asking,† she said. â€Å"See, the alethiometer’s like a person, almost. I sort of know when it’s going to be cross or when there’s things it doesn’t want me to know. I kind of feel it. But when you come out of nowhere yesterday, I had to ask it who you were, or I might not have been safe. I had to. And it said†¦Ã¢â‚¬  She lowered her voice even more. â€Å"It said you was a murderer, and I thought, ‘Good, that’s all right, he’s someone I can trust.’ But I didn’t ask more than that till just now, and if you don’t want me to ask anymore, I promise I won’t. This en’t like a private peep show. If I done nothing but spy on people, it’d stop working. I know that as well as I know my own Oxford.† â€Å"You could have asked me instead of that thing. Did it say whether my father was alive or dead?† â€Å"No, because I didn’t ask.† They were both sitting by this time. Will put his head in his hands with weariness. â€Å"Well,† he said finally, â€Å"I suppose we’ll have to trust each other.† â€Å"That’s all right. I trust you.† Will nodded grimly. He was so tired, and there was not the slightest possibility of sleep in this world. Lyra wasn’t usually so perceptive, but something in his manner made her think: He’s afraid, but he’s mastering his fear, like Iorek Byrnison said we had to do; like I did by the fish house at the frozen lake. â€Å"And, Will,† she added, â€Å"I won’t give you away, not to anyone. I promise.† â€Å"Good.† â€Å"I done that before. I betrayed someone. And it was the worst thing I ever did. I thought I was saving his life actually, only I was taking him right to the most dangerous place there could be. I hated myself for that, for being so stupid. So I’ll try very hard not to be careless or forget and betray you.† He said nothing. He rubbed his eyes and blinked hard to try and wake himself up. â€Å"We can’t go back through the window till much later,† he said. â€Å"We shouldn’t have come through in daylight anyway. We can’t risk anyone seeing. And now we’ve got to hang around for hours†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"I’m hungry,† Lyra said. Then he said, â€Å"I know! We can go to the cinema!† â€Å"The what?† â€Å"I’ll show you. We can get some food there too.† There was a cinema near the city center, ten minutes’ walk away. Will paid for both of them to get in, and bought hot dogs and popcorn and Coke, and they carried the food inside and sat down just as the film was beginning. Lyra was entranced. She had seen projected photograms, but nothing in her world had prepared her for the cinema. She wolfed down the hot dog and the popcorn, gulped the Coca-Cola, and gasped and laughed with delight at the characters on the screen. Luckily it was a noisy audience, full of children, and her excitement wasn’t conspicuous. Will closed his eyes at once and went to sleep. He woke when he heard the clatter of seats as people moved out, and blinked in the light. His watch showed a quarter past eight. Lyra came away reluctantly. â€Å"That’s the best thing I ever saw in my whole life,† she said. â€Å"I dunno why they never invented this in my world. We got some things better than you, but this was better than anything we got.† Will couldn’t even remember what the film had been. It was still light outside, and the streets were busy. â€Å"D’you want to see another one?† â€Å"Yeah!† So they went to the next cinema, a few hundred yards away around the corner, and did it again. Lyra settled down with her feet on the seat, hugging her knees, and Will let his mind go blank. When they came out this time, it was nearly eleven o’clock – much better. Lyra was hungry again, so they bought hamburgers from a cart and ate them as they walked along, something else new to her. â€Å"We always sit down to eat. I never seen people just walking along eating before,† she told him. â€Å"There’s so many ways this place is different. The traffic, for one. I don’t like it. I like the cinema, though, and hamburgers. I like them a lot. And that Scholar, Dr. Malone, she’s going to make that engine use words. I just know she is. I’ll go back there tomorrow and see how she’s getting on. I bet I could help her. I could probably get the Scholars to give her the money she wants, too. You know how my father did it? Lord Asriel? He played a trick on them†¦Ã¢â‚¬  As they walked up the Banbury Road, she told him about the night she hid in the wardrobe and watched Lord Asriel show the Jordan Scholars the severed head of Stanislaus Grumman in the vacuum flask. And since Will was such a good audience, she went on and told him the rest of her story, from the time she escaped from Mrs. Coulter’s flat to the horrible moment when she realized she’d led Roger to his death on the icy cliffs of Svalbard. Will listened without comment, but attentively, with sympathy. Her account of a voyage in a balloon, of armored bears and witches, of a vengeful arm of the Church, seemed all of a piece with his own fantastic dream of a beautiful city on the sea, empty and silent and safe: it couldn’t be true, it was as simple as that. But eventually they reached the ring road, and the hornbeam trees. There was very little traffic now: a car every minute or so, no more than that. And there was the window. Will felt himself smiling. It was going to be all right. â€Å"Wait till there’s no cars coming,† he said. â€Å"I’m going through now.† And a moment later he was on the grass under the palm trees, and a second or two afterward Lyra followed. They felt as if they were home again. The wide warm night, and the scent of flowers and the sea, and the silence, bathed them like soothing water. Lyra stretched and yawned, and Will felt a great weight lift off his shoulders. He had been carrying it all day, and he hadn’t noticed how it had nearly pressed him into the ground; but now he felt light and free and at peace. And then Lyra gripped his arm. In the same second he heard what had made her do it. Somewhere in the little streets beyond the caf? ¦, something was screaming. Will set off at once toward the sound, and Lyra followed behind as he plunged down a narrow alley shadowed from the moonlight. After several twists and turns they came out into the square in front of the stone tower they’d seen that morning. Twenty or so children were facing inward in a semicircle at the base of the tower, and some of them had sticks in their hands, and some were throwing stones at whatever they had trapped against the wall. At first Lyra thought it was another child, but coming from inside the semicircle was a horrible high wailing that wasn’t human at all. And the children were screaming too, in fear as well as hatred. Will ran up to the children and pulled the first one back. It was a boy of about his own age, a boy in a striped T-shirt. As he turned Lyra saw the wild white rims around his pupils, and then the other children realized what was happening and stopped to look. Angelica and her little brother were there too, stones in hand, and all the children’s eyes glittered fiercely in the moonlight. They fell silent. Only the high wailing continued, and then both Will and Lyra saw what it was: a tabby cat, cowering against the wall of the tower, its ear torn and its tail bent. It was the cat Will had seen in Sunderland Avenue, the one like Moxie, the one that had led him to the window. As soon as he saw her, he flung aside the boy he was holding. The boy fell to the ground and was up in a moment, furious, but the others held him back. Will was already kneeling by the cat. And then she was in his arms. She fled to his breast and he cradled her close and stood to face the children, and Lyra thought for a crazy second that his daemon had appeared at last. â€Å"What are you hurting this cat for?† he demanded, and they couldn’t answer. They stood trembling at Will’s anger, breathing heavily, clutching their sticks and their stones, and they couldn’t speak. But then Angelica’s voice came clearly: â€Å"You ain’ from here! You ain’ from Ci’gazze! You didn’ know about Specters, you don’ know about cats either. You ain’ like us!† The boy in the striped T-shirt whom Will had thrown down was trembling to fight, and if it hadn’t been for the cat in Will’s arms, he would have flown at Will with fists and teeth and feet, and Will would have gladly joined battle. There was a current of electric hatred between the two of them that only violence could ground. But the boy was afraid of the cat. â€Å"Where you come from?† he said contemptuously. â€Å"Doesn’t matter where we come from. If you’re scared of this cat, I’ll take her away from you. If she’s bad luck to you, she’ll be good luck for us. Now get out of the way.† For a moment Will thought their hatred would overcome their fear, and he was preparing to put the cat down and fight, but then came a low thunderous growl from behind the children, and they turned to see Lyra standing with her hand on the shoulders of a great spotted leopard whose teeth shone white as he snarled. Even Will, who recognized Pantalaimon, was frightened for a second. Its effect on the children was dramatic: they turned and fled at once. A few seconds later the square was empty. But before they left, Lyra looked up at the tower. A growl from Pantalaimon prompted her, and just briefly she saw someone there on the very top, looking down over the battlemented rim, and not a child either, but a young man, with curly hair. Half an hour later they were in the flat above the caf? ¦. Will had found a tin of condensed milk, and the cat had lapped it hungrily and then begun to lick her wounds. Pantalaimon had become cat-formed out of curiosity, and at first the tabby cat had bristled with suspicion, but she soon realized that whatever Pantalaimon was, he was neither a true cat nor a threat, and proceeded to ignore him. Lyra watched Will tending this one with fascination. The only animals she had been close to in her world (apart from the armored bears) were working animals of one sort or another. Cats were for keeping Jordan College clear of mice, not for making pets of. â€Å"I think her tail’s broken,† Will said. â€Å"I don’t know what to do about that. Maybe it’ll heal by itself. I’ll put some honey on her ear. I read about that somewhere; it’s antiseptic†¦Ã¢â‚¬  It was messy, but at least it kept her occupied licking it off, and the wound was getting cleaner all the time. â€Å"You sure this is the one you saw?† she said. â€Å"Oh, yes. And if they’re all so frightened of cats, there wouldn’t be many in this world anyway. She probably couldn’t find her way back.† â€Å"They were just crazy,† Lyra said. â€Å"They would have killed her. I never seen kids being like that.† â€Å"I have,† said Will. But his face had closed; he didn’t want to talk about it, and she knew better than to ask. She knew she wouldn’t even ask the alethiometer. She was very tired, so presently she went to bed and slept at once. A little later, when the cat had curled up to sleep, Will took a cup of coffee and the green leather writing case, and sat on the balcony. There was enough light coming through the window for him to read by, and he wanted to look at the papers. There weren’t many. As he’d thought, they were letters, written on airmail paper in black ink. These very marks were made by the hand of the man he wanted so much to find; he moved his fingers over and over them, and pressed them to his face, trying to get closer to the essence of his father. Then he started to read. Fairbanks, Alaska Wednesday, 19 June 1985 My darling – the usual mixture of efficiency and chaos – all the stores are here but the physicist, a genial dimwit called Nelson, hasn’t made any arrangements for carrying his damn balloons up into the mountains – having to twiddle our thumbs while he scrabbles around for transport. But it means I had a chance to talk to an old boy I met last time, a gold miner called Jake Petersen. Tracked him down to a dingy bar and under the sound of the baseball game on the TV I asked him about the anomaly. He wouldn’t talk there – took me back to his apartment. With the help of a bottle of Jack Daniel’s he talked for a long time – hadn’t seen it himself, but he’d met an Eskimo who had, and this chap said it was a doorway into the spirit world. They’d known about it for centuries; part of the initiation of a medicine man involved going through and bringing back a trophy of some kind – though some never came back. However, old Jake did have a map of the area, and he’d marked on it where his pal had told him the thing was. (Just in case: it’s at 692†² 11†³ N, 1572†² 19†³ W, on a spur of Lookout Ridge a mile or two north of the Colville River.) We then got on to other Arctic legends – the Norwegian ship that’s been drifting unmanned for sixty years, stuff like that. The archaeologists are a decent crew, keen to get to work, containing their impatience with Nelson and his balloons. None of them has ever heard of the anomaly, and believe me I’m going to keep it like that. My fondest love to you both. Johnny. Umiat, Alaska Saturday, 22 June 1985 My darling – so much for what did I call him, a genial dimwit – the physicist Nelson is nothing of the sort, and if I’m not mistaken he’s actually looking for the anomaly himself. The holdup in Fairbanks was orchestrated by him, would you believe? Knowing that the rest of the team wouldn’t want to wait for anything less than an unarguable reason like no transport, he personally sent ahead and canceled the vehicles that had been ordered. I found this out by accident, and I was going to ask him what the hell he was playing at when I overheard him talking on the radio to someone – describing the anomaly, no less, except he didn’t know the location. Later on I bought him a drink, played the bluff soldier, old Arctic hand, â€Å"more things in heaven and earth † line. Pretended to tease him with the limitations of science – bet you can’t explain Bigfoot, etc. – watching him closely. Then sprung the anomaly on him – Eskimo legend of a doorway into spirit world – invisible – somewhere near Lookout Ridge, would you believe, where we’re heading for, fancy that. And you know he was jolted rigid. He knew exactly what I meant. I pretended not to notice and went on to witchcraft, told him the Zaire leopard story. So I hope he’s got me down as a superstitious military blockhead. But I’m right, Elaine – he’s looking for it too. The question is, do I tell him or not? Got to work out what his game is. Fondest love to both – Johnny. Colville Bar, Alaska Monday, 24 June 1985 Darling – I won’t get a chance to post another letter for a while – this is the last town before we take to the hills, the Brooks Range. The archaeologists are fizzing to get up there. One chap is convinced he’ll find evidence of much earlier habitation than anyone suspected. I said how much earlier, and why was he convinced. He told me of some narwhal-ivory carvings he’d found on a previous dig – carbon 14-dated to some incredible age, way outside the range of what was previously assumed; anomalous, in fact. Wouldn’t it be strange if they’d come through my anomaly, from some other world? Talking of which, the physicist Nelson is my closest buddy now – kids me along, drops hints to imply that he knows that I know that he knows, etc. And I pretend to be bluff Major Parry, stout fellow in a crisis but not too much between the ears, what. But I know he’s after it. For one thing, although he’s a bona fide academ ic his funding actually comes from the Ministry of Defense – I know the financial codes they use. And for another his so-called weather balloons are nothing of the sort. I looked in the crate – a radiation suit if ever I’ve seen one. A rum do, my darling. I shall stick to my plan: take the archaeologists to their spot and go off by myself for a few days to look for the anomaly. If I bump into Nelson wandering about on Lookout Ridge, I’ll play it by ear. Later. A real bit of luck. I met Jake Petersen’s pal the Eskimo, Matt Kigalik. Jake had told me where to find him, but I hadn’t dared to hope he’d be there. He told me the Soviets had been looking for the anomaly too; he’d come across a man earlier this year high up in the range and watched him for a couple of days without being seen, because he guessed what he was doing, and he was right, and the man turned out to be Russian, a spy. He didn’t tell me more than that; I got the impression he bumped him off. But he described the thing to me. It’s like a gap in the air, a sort of window. You look through it and you see another world. But it’s not easy to find because that part of the other world looks just like this – rocks and moss and so forth. It’s on the north side of a small creek fifty paces or so to the west of a tall rock shaped like a standing bear, and the position Jake gave me is not quite right – itâ€℠¢s nearer 12†³ N than 11. Wish me luck, my darling. I’ll bring you back a trophy from the spirit world. I love you forever – kiss the boy for me – Johnny. Will found his head ringing. His father was describing exactly what he himself had found under the hornbeam trees. He, too, had found a window – he even used the same word for it! So Will must be on the right track. And this knowledge was what the men had been searching for†¦ So it was dangerous, too. Will had been just a baby when that letter was written. Seven years after that had come the morning in the supermarket when he realized his mother was in terrible danger, and he had to protect her; and then slowly in the months that followed came his growing realization that the danger was in her mind, and he had to protect her all the more. And then, brutally, the revelation that not all the danger had been in her mind after all. There really was someone after her – after these letters, this information. He had no idea what it meant. But he felt deeply happy that he had something so important to share with his father; that John Parry and his son Will had each, separately, discovered this extraordinary thing. When they met, they could talk about it, and his father would be proud that Will had followed in his footsteps. The night was quiet and the sea was still. He folded the letters away and fell asleep. How to cite The Subtle Knife Chapter Five, Essay examples

Falstaff Essay Example For Students

Falstaff Essay Falstaff: Lion or LoonIn Maurice Morgans ?The Dramatic Character of Falstaff?, he gives us a critical interpretation of the Shakespearian character, Sir John Falstaff, looking at him from every point of view but a Laymans one. He summarizes Falstaff incompletely, including quotes from Henry IV, Part Two and not as much from Henry IV, Part One, which gives more information about ?Old Johns? character (in the first scene with Falstaffs character) from the beginning, but rather stays focused on what leads to his tragic fate. Morgan starts by giving us his thesis statement, which is questioning of whether Falstaff was a coward or if he was a courageous character. This is what I thought the article would be mainly explaining; I was wrong. Morgan seems to go off on tangents, placing Falstaffs character in weird positions by comparing and making relations between other characters in Shakespeares historical plays. He makes an odd point by telling the reader to look at every man as two charac ters, rebuttaling what his goal for the essay is to be. ?Every man we may observe, has two characters; that is, every man may be seen externally, and from without;- or a section may be made of him, and he may be illuminated within? (Morgan 88). There were good points too, like when he defines what courage and cowardice were in Shakespeares time, which I thought was very educational: ?Personal courage may be derived, especially after having acknowledged that he seemed to have deserted those points of honour, which are more peculiarly the accompaniments of rank. But it may be observed that in Feudal ages rank and wealth were not only connected with the point of honour, but with personal strength and natural courage?(Morgan 88). I have to say, Morgan does do a wonderful job of concluding Falstaffs actions with his witty personality and need for attention but as soon as he tries to get back to the subject of ?coward or courageous?, he then changes to another topic. This was very frustrating since Morgan made some excellent points but seemed to have his ideas disorganized. In the end of his essay, I was holding out to read if Morgans evaluation had a good ending decision of Falstaffs ?coward or courageous? character; it didnt. I was very disappointed since I had read all of his points and was waiting for the finale. Morgan concluded his essay with a confusing whimper and not an answering bang. Morgan writes, on which the reader is left to bestow what character he pleases? (Morgan 93). In my opinion, this is slightly rude since Morgan faced us with a question and did not even have the ?courage? to answer it himself. All in all, I believe Morgan has an excellent grasp on Falstaffs character in the later plays, b ut missed Prince Hals great description in Henry IV, Part One making me question his expertise on the subject matter. By the end of reading this interpretation, I felt like I had just gone through an intellectualized mess of words that I was left to organize for review. Someone should tell Maurice Morgan that most of his readers are students and not super-intellectuals. As for Falstaff, I thought he was a very concentrated character whom, like any real person, has many sides to them. This is why, to me, Shakespeare was a great writer; he knew the human spirits goods and evils and how these things are what makes us thrive and gives us dimensions. These dimensions are what Falstaff has plenty of (no pun intended) in his characterization. I would hate to say that Falstaff is a coward. By the end of Henry IV, Part One, he is the man/character that makes the people laugh the most and so they make a personal connection with him. Because of this, it is hard for any audience to label him with a shameful name since he has given them a few instances of happiness. Also, I have questioned if Shakespeare wrote Falstaff to only be a comedic character, releasing him from being a tragic or hero, since most valiant people that he portrays sound a lot healthier than Falstaff. In conclusion, I believe that Morgan has written a good work but not great. For students inf ormation, I would only use this essay for a few references of Falstaffs character but not for a complete reference and not for a critical review (only if you are into self abuse). Morgan, Maurice. ?The Dramatic Character of Falstaff?. .u04424813f9ad001d8bd01a3c87d162ac , .u04424813f9ad001d8bd01a3c87d162ac .postImageUrl , .u04424813f9ad001d8bd01a3c87d162ac .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u04424813f9ad001d8bd01a3c87d162ac , .u04424813f9ad001d8bd01a3c87d162ac:hover , .u04424813f9ad001d8bd01a3c87d162ac:visited , .u04424813f9ad001d8bd01a3c87d162ac:active { border:0!important; } .u04424813f9ad001d8bd01a3c87d162ac .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u04424813f9ad001d8bd01a3c87d162ac { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u04424813f9ad001d8bd01a3c87d162ac:active , .u04424813f9ad001d8bd01a3c87d162ac:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u04424813f9ad001d8bd01a3c87d162ac .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u04424813f9ad001d8bd01a3c87d162ac .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u04424813f9ad001d8bd01a3c87d162ac .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u04424813f9ad001d8bd01a3c87d162ac .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u04424813f9ad001d8bd01a3c87d162ac:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u04424813f9ad001d8bd01a3c87d162ac .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u04424813f9ad001d8bd01a3c87d162ac .u04424813f9ad001d8bd01a3c87d162ac-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u04424813f9ad001d8bd01a3c87d162ac:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Immanuel Kant - Enlightenment EssayEd. Bloom, Harold. Falstaff: A Critical InterpretationChelsea Publishing House, 1992

Absorption Spectroscopy Essay Essays

Absorption Spectroscopy Essay Essays Absorption Spectroscopy Essay Essay Absorption Spectroscopy Essay Essay Absorption Spectroscopy Author: Lab Partners: Instructor: Chem 152 Date Work Performed: Date Work Submitted: Abstract A Beer’s Law analysis was used to determine the molar absorptivity of a Red-40 food dye. Using a spectrometer, the best wavelength to use for the analysis of this dye was determined to be 501nm. A series of dilutions were performed and the concentrations were calculated to find ‘E,’ the molar absorptivity, which was determined to be 18035 M-1 cm-1. Introduction The experimental behavior of the absorption spectroscopy lab is to be able to determine the molar absorptivity of a food dye; in this case, Red-40. The determination of the best wavelength to use is found by measuring the highest peak that had an absorbance between 1 and 1. 5. The dye concentration will be accomplished by preparing a series of serial dilutions and measuring the absorbance at the best wavelength previously determined to conduct a Beer’s Law analysis. Absorption spectroscopy is often used to calculate the amount of compound present in a solution sample by measuring the amount of light each wavelength it absorbs. Since the amount of light absorbed is directly proportional to the number of molecules in a solution, spectroscopy allows for the determination of a dye concentration and thus the molar absorptivity in the Red-40 dye. Beer’s Law is given by A=Ebc, where ‘A’ is the measured absorbance, ‘c’ is the concentration of the absorbing species, ‘b’ is the width of the cuvette, and ‘E’ is the molar absorptivity constant. This equation describes the linear relationship between the absorbance and the concentration, making it possible to calculate ‘E’ by graphing the absorbance versus concentration and finding the slope of the linear line. That being said, it is expected that the absorbance of the dye will decrease as the concentration decreases. Results Red-40 dilutions Solutions (dye-water)| Wavelength (nm)| Volume (ml)| Absorbance| Concentration (M)| Beginning dilution| 501| 105| 1. 46| 7. 59X10-5| 1st dilution 5ml-5ml| 501| 10| . 679| 3. 79X10-5| nd dilution 5ml-2ml| 501| 8| . 529| 2. 84X10-5| 3rd dilution 5ml-2ml| 501| 7| . 330| 2. 03X10-5| 4th dilution 5ml-2ml| 501| 7| . 271| 1. 45X10-5| Molar Absorptivity of Red-40 dye: 18035 M-1 cm-1 As the table above shows, the absorbance is directly related to the concentration. It decreases as the concentration decrease. Calculations Concentration of known stock dye: Red-40= 3. 989X10-3M Serial dilutions: 1st dilution: C1V1=C2V2 C2=C1V1/V2=3. 98 9X10-3M (2mL)/ 105mL=7. 59X10-5M 2nd dilution: C3=C2V2/V3=7. 59X10-5M (2mL)/ 10mL= 3. 9X10-5 M 3rd dilution: C4=C3V3/V4= 3. 79X10-5M (6mL)/ 8mL= 2. 84X10-5 M 4th dilution: C5=C4V4/V5=2. 84X10-5M (5mL)/ 7mL= 2. 03X10-5 M 5th dilution: C6=C5V5/V6=2. 03X10-5M (5mL)/ 7mL= 1. 45X10-5M Since E, the molar absorptivity of the dye, is related to the slope of the line in the chart above, E=18035 M-1 cm-1. Discussion I believe the molar absorptivity of the Red-40 food dye is 18035 M-1 cm-1. This number is found by graphing the measured absorbance versus the calculated concentration of the diluted dyes and then finding the slope. According to Beer’s Law equation, ‘E’ is the linear relationship between the concentration and absorbance. So by calculating the slope of the data line, it gives a reliable number as to what the absorptivity of the Red-40 dye is. With that being said, I am rather confident with my answer for the most part. There are a few things that could have affected the accuracy of the molar absorptivity we calculated, which is the various volumes of solution used. Had we used the same volume every time as well as a gradual decrease in the amount of water used in the dilutions, the results could be more reliable. However, using absorption spectroscopy to monitor the concentration of a reactant in a reaction is very viable. The spectrometer gives an accurate and reliable measurement of the absorbance. All you had to do was to find the measurement at the highest peak. It could have also provided inaccurate readings if the spectrometer was not calibrated corrected with the cuvette of water. Otherwise it is a reliable method to use to find absorbance, calculate concentration, and then the molar absorptivity.

Cival War essays

Cival War essays 1.a). Slavery was the main issue of the wars beginning. b). Other contributing factors were economic and agriculture problems. 2.a). Because the south was looked down on by the north. And the election of Lincoln. b). The election of Abraham Lincoln who was an anti-slavery. c). Because white people in the south used the slaves as their assets. 4.Because with the election of Lincoln, it became clear that the southern bloc lost its favor on the national stage. 1.a). The battle of Bull Run. b). Because they were the 1st major engagement of the war. 2.a). Because of the people and the accessories such as weapons, and also transportation. b). Because there were many battles and armies and people were being killed. 3. I think the war could not have ended. 1.a). Grant won 2 crucial victories down west. Ulysses S. Grant name stood for Unconditional Surrender Grant. Lee read his enemies. He lead a group of officers. b). You have to be cocky and confident about the decisions and outcomes you make to be a good leader. 2.a). Pressure for the emancipation came from unlike people and places. States and officers would have risen on Lincoln if he issued the emancipation. b). Yes he did. 3.a). Abolitionist were people against slavery. b). The movement began when Lincoln issued the emancipation at January of 1863. c). The risks of being part of the underground Railroad was very high. 1.a). Because they had to accept the emancipation proclamation. b). Yes, because the government is more organized and demanding to get the job done. c). Only when very necessary. 2.a). The cause of the Richmond bread riots was Lees attack on McClellan. b). Because they were not capable to afford things. c). They started using their own currency after the emancipation proclamation was issued. 3.a). The copperheads were people against the emancipation proclamation. b). They idealized peace de ...

Aspects of Contract and Negligence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Aspects of Contract and Negligence - Essay Example Standard form contract is very common in today’s world; it is mainly common with large companies. It occurs when companies draft terms and conditions of their agreements with their customers. The customers are not given an option to negotiate; if they cannot comply with the terms set, then their only option is to not enter into the contractual agreement. Unilateral agreement occurs when promises are made by one party, this type of contract can be best described by an advertisement requesting any person with any information of where about of a fugitive to turn him in for a reward. Bilateral agreements, on the other hand, occur when both parties have binding terms. This is normally in commercial contracts between companies. Bilateral contractual agreement is the best in the case of Katie and the builders. This is because it allows Katie to be able to set terms as well as the builders so that the work can be to her satisfaction. If one of the parties fails to meet the terms set, then the aggrieved party has a right to take a legal action. b) Standard Form Contracts The design of standard form contract is such that, in the event of breach of an agreement, it excludes liability or limited (Stone & Stone, 2002). A clause can be used to exempt a party from liabilities if it is part of the terms of the contract. If a party signs a document without reading it, he or she becomes bound by the terms set out in the document. If the document that sets out the terms is not signed by one of the parties, it can lead to lack of action against the party that breaches the contract. The main advantage of this kind of contract is that there is no need to draft it and the terms are very certain to the parties. The risks involved in this kind of an agreement are spread over to both parties making sure that none of them is on the losing side if their expectations are not fulfilled as a result of unexpected circumstances. The only disadvantage is that parties may have a hard time interpreting terms, and can even misinterpret them that can lead to a dispute resulting to breach of contract. c) Example of a Standard Form Contract An example of a clause in standard form agreement can read, â€Å"Jane will not be liable for any damages caused by negligence caused by Sam’s company†; this means that Jane will not take responsibility for damages that may occur because of Sam’s company negligence. d) Impact of Rules of Contract to Online Agreements The era of the internet has brought drastic change on how business contracts are carried out (Poullet, 2007). However, the rules of contracts remain the same and companies doing business online have to abide to the relevant regulations (Cavazos, & Morin, 1994, 39). These regulations were passed so that consumers who shop online can be protected as well as business people who order supplies online. The UK passed Consumer Protection (Distance Selling) Regulations in 2000 to ensure that consumers who pur chase goods and services are protected. These regulations do not apply to all kind of contractual agreement involving online transactions since they do not cover contractual agreements between businesses. They were passed as a result of a directive of EU of 1997 that provided protection for consumers involved in distance contracts (Great Britain, n.d). The regulations ensure that consumers have the right to request information concerning goods or services they are to be supplied with, and how much they cost before they can

Manchesters Bohemian Reminder Personal Statement

Manchesters Bohemian Reminder - Personal Statement Example Finally Mari looked up after replacing the hood of his backpack and boomed, "Hey J, care to show me around Manchester" Encountering the streets and the people, we affirmed how Manchester is famed for its tolerant, party-loving attitude and, Mari confessed from his experience at the university, the high-quality academic research. This bohemian character must have what made the city top the "Boho Britain Creativity Index." Demos' new league table is based on a ranking system invented by American academic Richard Florida, and it used three indices to reach its conclusion. One, the city has a thriving gay community, which boosts the establishment of creative businesses due perhaps to openness to radical ideas and considerations. Another factor is the city's large ethnic minority population, clearly manifested by the transcultural element of Rusholme's Curry Mile. And the city has more applications to register new inventions per head. I could not know how it was for him. To have walked our familiar streets then thinking that time would happen he would grow old here, and now knowing the same streets and realizing that he would be leaving it very soon. "That would be dreadful, my man. You must not leave then, if that's the case." I tried to lighten him up, but I knew that a million reasons in the world will not be able to postpone his trip any longer. A different life awaited him in another country. Had Mari been a tourist i... And the city has more applications to register new inventions per head. Manchester's richness in architecture can be verified looking at the structures of the Alcohol Information Centre, the Smithfield Buildings, the Dry 201 bar, the Caf Pop, The Big Issue in the North, Reminder 4 the No. 1 Dorsey Street, The Cord, and the Buddhist Centre, to name a few. Its three universities, namely, the University of Manchester, UMIST, and Manchester Metropolitan University cater to a large and thriving student population. It can thus be figured that the overall enhancement of the city has promoted a drive in creativity and communal confidence. Having now, and perhaps for the last time, tasted the bohemian air of the city, my roommate urged on towards the Northern Quarter, now known as the creative quarter of the city. I could not know how it was for him. To have walked our familiar streets then thinking that time would happen he would grow old here, and now knowing the same streets and realizing that he would be leaving it very soon. "I'm going to be sick," Mari proclaimed. "I'm very certain." And he continued to mutter as we combed the Arndale. "That would be dreadful, my man. You must not leave then, if that's the case." I tried to lighten him up, but I knew that a million reasons in the world will not be able to postpone his trip any longer. A different life awaited him in another country. Reminder 5 "But I can't stay, mum already protested about my prolonged stay." Had Mari been a tourist instead, our little sight-see would have had a different appeal, as we walked the stretch of the Northern Quarter, or N4, along Oak Street, Thomas Street and Tariff Street, sited between Picadilly

The Attendance to Five Art Events Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 440

The Attendance to Five Art Events - Essay Example An example is the Inventing Impressionism event that was earlier this ye\r displaying various portraits with an example below.The commencement of the tour was on November 7, and 8 of 2015 with gates open from 9 in the morning and close at 5 in the evening. The visit to the small cottages and the towns tend to bring a new perspective of the local cultures of the cities and villages as well as the art and the cuisine. The best place to visit was the Bradbury Museum of Science that showcases the development stages of the atom bombs. Another important feature was the Bandelier National Monument that represents the cliff dwellings of ancient man and the Indian ruins as well as the petroglyphs. The date of the event was October 9 with the place open from 5 in the morning to 8 in the evening. The organizers were the CU Department of Fine Arts whose display was mostly the art facilities, the viewing of the BFA and the MFA students working in the studio and the discovery of new talents. The admission was free, and there was the message to encourage upcoming artists to develop more techniques and abilities. The Admission was also free, and the place had many people touring the various exhibitions. The event had the duration of four days that would commence on October 8 and end on the 11th of the same month. The locations of the event were between San Francisco and the Silicon Valley at the San Mateo center for events. The showcase was mainly a feature of the great artistic works of the 21st and the 20th centuries with a conjunction of works from other art galleries and art institutions. The work was a reflection of the high standards and the expectations of the Miami population in the display of the post-war blue-chip plus the works in the modern times. Other features in the exhibition were courtesy of emerging artists practicing new media. Below indicates a painting for the Armory show that was a particular event in the Silicon Valley.

Jesus Is Really Present In The Eucharist Religion Essay

Jesus Is Really Present In The Eucharist Religion Essay We can argue that the Eucharist is a mystery. But what is the source of the Churchs teaching about the Holy Eucharist. We cannot see any sign of Jesus presence in the Holy Eucharist with our external eyes. Furthermore, the presence of Christ in the Eucharist is not something that can be discerned by scientific or physical examination. Instead it can only be realized through the eyes of faith. Here I am going to decipher more on the divine revelation as found in the sixth chapter of St. Johns Gospel. In John 6:55-56, Jesus clearly stated that, For my flesh is true food, and my blood is true drink. Whoever eats my flesh and drinks my blood remains in me and I in him. It was very specific on the explanatory the Real Presence of Jesus in the Holy Eucharist as St. John stated it in his Gospel. The Catholic Church has always taken Jesus at His word, which is why the Holy Eucharist is defined as the real body and blood of Christ in the Eucharist. Thus, Jesus Christ is present in the Holy Eucharist and is the core of the life of the Church. One can say that the breaking of the bread tradition has undergone changes through centuries, but the faith behind this has not been changed because we strongly believe the Real Present of Jesus Christ in the Holy Eucharist. Jesus is present in the Eucharist so that the people may experience that God loves them. Barton argues that God the Father sent Jesus Christ the spiritual food so that we may enjoy the love of God and when we view him as giving his flesh to eat, it is by the precious bounty of his own love towards us.  [1]  The USCCB also confirm the same teaching that the Jesus gives himself to us in the Eucharist as spiritual nourishment because he loves.  [2]  Furthermore, the Vatican II Constitution on Sacred Liturgy also explains the Real Present of Christ in the Holy Eucharist as Christ is present in the Church. Particularly Christ is present when the Church prays and performs the work of mercy. The presence of Jesus in the Eucharist enlightens our hope and strength by its mysterious power and our faith. It is the sign of His grace for us. He revealed himself in the Holy Eucharist so that we may share the banquet with God. When the priests celebrate the Eucharist, we remember the Real Presence of Christ in our midst. The Catechism of the Catholic Church says that, The command of Jesus to repeat his actions and words until he comes does not only ask us to remember Jesus and what he did. It is directed at the liturgical celebration, by the apostles and their successors, of the memorial of Christ, of his life, of his death, of his Resurrection, and of his intercession in the presence of the Father (1341). In a pastoral response: the fact is that Christ is present in the Holy Eucharist avails much. If there is no avail, then the Son of God incarnated for no reason, He died for no reason, and He rose from the dead for no reason. The presence of Christ in the Holy Eucharist profits us more than anyone thing else in the world. It gives us the meaning to our Christian life. In short, the mystery of the Holy Eucharist leads us to the intimate relationship with the Lord, Jesus Christ. And finally, the presence of Jesus in the Eucharist enlightens our hope and faith in our Christian life. With this, our faith becomes stronger and stronger every day. In how many ways is Jesus really present in the liturgy? The Vatican II Constitution on Sacred Liturgy stated that there are six ways Jesus really present in the liturgy: there is also a real presence of Christ in the ministry of the word, there is a real presence of Christ in the liturgical assembly, there is a real presence of Christ in the priest in liturgical service, there is a real presence of Christ in the souls of the just, there is a real presence of Christ in the sacraments, and finally, there is a real presence of Christ in the Eucharist.  [3]   There is the proclamation of the word of God that is a source of communion and it proclaims the arrival of Gods reign. That is to say, the real presence of Christ is in the ministry of the word. It is the daily experience of the church whenever she proclaims the presence of the Lord by adoration publicly and privately. As Lash says, He is present in his word, since it is he himself who speaks when the holy scriptures are read in the Church.  [4]   Christ is amidst when there are two or three assembled in His name (Matthew 18:20). In this communion, the congregation gives thanks and praise for the wonderful works of God and all the blessings and graces that Christ has for us. The communion calls all the people to share a life that is divine as well as God invites all the people to share the divine life of His Son. We come to make present and to remember the memory of Christ our Lord in our midst.  [5]  We come to acknowledge the genuine presence of Christ, fully human and divine, in this communion. In addition, we are also called to recognize his presence, not only in the communion, but also in the just soul. By the sacramental consecration, the priest is configured to Jesus Christ as head and shepherd of the church. He is endowed with a spiritual power which is shared in the authority with Jesus Christ. In his Encyclical letter on the Eucharist, Pope John Paul writes regarding the identification of the priest to Christ, the ministerial priest acting in the person of Christ brings about the Eucharist Sacrifice.  [6]  Therefore, the church accepts that the ministerial priesthood is apostolic and empowered by Jesus Christ to go out into the world and to sanctify all. During the liturgy, there is also the presence of Christ in other sacraments. In short, the presence of Christ is in all seven sacraments: Baptism, Communion, Confirmation, Matrimony, Anointing of the Sick, Holy Order, and the Sacrament of Penance. For this reason, Christ instituted and entrusted this sacraments to the Church. Finally, there is a real presence of Christ in the form of bread and wine. In the Eucharist, Christ is present in the fullness of His being. The USCCB says, the whole Christ is truly present, body, blood, soul, and divinity, under the appearances of bread and wine-the glorified Christ who rose from the dead after dying for our sins.  [7]  The real presence of Christ in the Eucharist comes about through transubstantiation. The bread and wine remain as it is, but the substance changes. In short, Christ will to be present in the bread and wine. It is a work of God that make the bread and wine become His own food. Criteria for Assessment Regarding to my answers, I believe that I accurately and appropriately explained my answers. In this paper, I also included pastoral and theological responses in a responsible way. Most of all, I used different sources to support my answers as much as possible. I strongly believe that with the assessment requirements I have fulfilled in answering all the need. GOD BLESS AND HAVE A GOOD DAY!

Capital Punishment is Too Lenient for Sick and Vile Criminals :: Argumentative Persuasive Essays

Capital Punishment is Too Lenient for Sick and Vile Criminals      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   I always considered the death penalty as an issue which I never had to concern myself with.   First of all I'm not planning to commit any vial crimes, and   I don't think anyone I care about has evil plans either.   Secondly, I've never been conscious or concerned with the lives of criminals.   When we began speaking on the subject, I thought we were only going to talk about the institution of racism in capital punishment, and was quite unaware of the feeling this subject would arouse in me.   Needless to say, I have formed some opinions on the issue which confused even me.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   I always considered myself pro-capital punishment.   I was of the mind that if someone killed me, I would like my death avenged, but pondering on the issue of cultural differences has made me doubt my prior convictions.   First of all, I am against the use of the lethal injection.   I understand that it is cleaner, but if the law wants to inflict death as a punishment, it must understand that death is not a pretty thing.   Criminals are painlessly put to sleep, and die in the same manner that Dr. Kavorkian's patients choose. Personally, if I was faced with the option of living the remainder of my life in isolation, perpetually haunted by pain and images of terror, I would absolutely chose to die by lethal injection.   There is no true punishment in this method, except the fear of going to hell, which I strongly doubt is of much concern to most convicts on death row.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Assuming that the judicial processes which convict these individuals are legitimate, the only common bond within this group is that they are all mortal, and hold no respect for human life.   These delinquents are on death row, because they have committed a crime of such ghastly proportions, that society has deemed them unfit to live.   They deliberately and nonchalantly depraved another human of their life.   They emphatically partook in reprehensible malice of inhuman dimensions, never bothered by their conscience.   They are sick and vile individuals who do not acknowledge social conventions such as religion and the law.   They have broken the law, and in leaving it they removed themselves from the protection of the law.   The 8th Amendment should no longer apply to these sick dements who deserve none of my compassion.   Yet, the bleeding hearts continue to defend them and oppose capital punishment because it is too cruel. In an article in the Chicago Tribune, the Roman Catholic church vented its

Fences: African American and Troy Essay

In 1987, August Wilson’s â€Å"Fences† was a part of his Pittsburg Cycle of dramas of the 20th Century. These plays were used to â€Å"examine important elements of African American experiences† (Gardner 1331). The symbolisms in the play are used to tell the late life story of Troy Maxon and his relationship with family. From the start of the play, there is conflict and foreshadowing that shows Troy’s own belief that he has failed in life and that the world did not give him what he deserved. He believes that he has to venture outside of his family to find relief. At the start of the play, Wilson takes the audience into the seemingly happy life of Troy Maxon. The author then makes it clear that he felt like a failure and was not happy. The first symbol that is seen is the difference between the white people and the black people. Troy takes a stand and asks why black people never get to drive the trash trucks. Most of his coworkers believe that he will be fired. This theme of not being appreciated and believing that something is not enough is seen through all the symbols used in this drama. A second symbol seen is sports and dreams of the future. Troy had been in the Negro League and played baseball until he was over 40 years old. The problem presents itself when Troy is overlooked by the recently desegregated professional baseball league because of his age. His dreams of playing for the professional white league were smashed, and he believed that he had nothing to show his worth in the later years. This defeat in his career also defeated Troy mentally. From then on, he saw his family and his life as a failure that he wanted to escape from, yet he could not shake the feeling of responsibility to them. Troy’s first son, Lyons, is accepted by Troy. Lyons is a failure in Troy’s eyes and so Troy believes that Cory is no better than him. Lyons wants to be a musician, but he is not very successful. Troy sees Lyons failure in music career to be equivalent to his failure to get into the professional league. He believes that his son will eventually take an unskilled job and end up just like his father. In the last scene of the play it is revealed that Lyons did end up defeated, but not to the extent of his father. His love of music still lived and he was still pursuing his dream. Unlike his son Lyon, Troy’s feeling of failure is evident in his relationship with his son, Cory. Cory is an excellent football player, and yet, Troy refuses to acknowledge his son’s ability even when he is recruited by a college. Troy will not let Cory succeed where he failed and refuses to let Cory go to college on a football scholarship. In Act 1, Scene 3, Cory asks Troy â€Å"How come you ain’t never liked me? † (Wilson 1075). Troy is angry at this question and tells Cory that â€Å"†¦it’s my duty to take care of you. I owe a responsibility to you! † (Wilson 1076). However, even before this it is obvious that Troy sees Cory as nothing but an annoyance that continues until the final scene, when Cory arrives for Troy’s funeral. Troy’s relationship with his wife Rose is an unfaithful one. He is constantly stating that there is no better woman or wife, yet he has an affair with Alberta. Through this diversity, Rose is eventually presented as a model of the strong African American woman. She has given her life to Troy, and yet he has an affair with Alberta. He explains the affair as a way to ignore the responsibilities of his failed life. This aggravates Rose because he has never taken her feelings, wants or needs into consideration. Troy continues to be married to Rose, but also continues his affair with Alberta while Rose knows about the whole thing. Rose even accepts the call from the hospital when Alberta dies while giving birth. The full strength of Rose is not shown until Troy brings home his love child. He asks Rose to help him raise her. Rose’s response shows the intensity of her strength. She says, â€Å"From right now†¦this child got a mother. But you is a womanless man† (Wilson 1099). Rose makes it apparent that this child will have as good a life as Rose can give her and she will show no animosity or jealousy towards the child. Troy, on the other hand, will have the responsibility of the child, Rose, Lyons, and Cory while receiving nothing in return. Throughout all these trials, the fence is essential in the explanation of Troy’s life. Rose had requested the fence, and it symbolized her family being held together. The fact that Troy never really worked on the fence showed that he was not in love with Rose, but felt a responsibility to her. He wanted his freedom and the fence symbolized his imprisonment. The symbol of the fence throughout this play connects everything back to the fact that Troy Maxon was unhappy with his life, and felt as if he were a failure. He felt no real responsibility to Lyons, hence their relationship was better. Troy was jealous of Cory and reminded of his failures by Rose. Wilson used the fence to tell this story. It was not just a story of a life seen as a failure, but a look into the mind and thoughts of an African American man of the 1950s. Works Cited Wilson, August. Fences. Literature: A Portable Anthology. Ed. Janet E. Gardner, 3rd ed. Boston: Bedford/ St. Martin’s, 2012. 1053-1111. Print. Gardner, Janet, Beverly Lawn, Jack Ridl, Peter Schakel, eds. Literature: A Portable Anthology. 3rd ed. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2012. Print.

Jenkins, David. From Unwritten to Written Transformation in the British Common

Jenkins, David. From Unwritten to Written Transformation in the British Common The written constitution has government principles found in legal documents which have been enacted as laws. The clauses in the written constitution are well planned; clearly stated and standard. Unwritten constitution is the opposite of written one; the government principles are not found in legal documents and the enactment of laws does not exist. The clauses do not follow a certain pattern, plan or standard. Written constitution is more compatible with the liberal democratic tradition.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Jenkins, David. From Unwritten to Written: Transformation in the British Common-Law specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Written constitution has principles that limit or restrain parliament through a judicial review. This means that, the parliament has the authority to enact laws of the land but they must be reviewed by the judiciary of a nation. Such control of parliament’s limitless power ensure s that there is no misuse of power. In addition, a balance between legislature and judiciary is created therefore reducing excess political influence on a nation. Written constitution ensures duly enacted laws serve the public welfare. As a result, the parliament is responsible towards the citizens. Moreover, the principles of the natural law are bound by morality and ethics of humanity. Hence, all laws governing the land are determined by the public good. Written constitution ensures the parliament delivers ultimate obedience to its subjects. Despite its supremacy in the land, parliament remains morally answerable to the welfare of its citizens. Written law is not easily manipulated to suit an individual’s interests. For example, if a medical practitioner runs a business without permit from the government or license, he or she can easily manipulate the unwritten law to fit his circumstance. Written constitution is precise and statements written are not controversial. In addi tion, all laws regarding practice and professional ethics governing different professions are enacted. Incase such scenarios arise it is efficient to quote the written law. Written constitution ensures an effective implementation of the rule of law in parliament and other government bodies. Rule of law includes judicial aspects, where the courts are charged with responsibility of protecting the interests of the public from unlawful acts. Such acts may originate from parliament and court has the responsibility of interpreting the law appropriately to ensure public good. The balance between legislature and judiciary helps in implementation of respect of law. A written constitution has important sections especially ‘Bills of Rights’. In developed nations, unwritten constitution protects its citizens. Incase of minority harassment, no justice can be found. Written constitution provides clauses on human rights, which cover all citizens regardless of race or tribe. Written co nstitution acts as a reference point for all citizens in a given nation, hence the protection of public good is enhanced. Written constitution offers a document for reference where the main bodies of government are listed together with their responsibilities. Without a written constitution, there exists a vacuum for a legal doctrine. Cabinet, judiciary and parliament are the major government bodies and their roles need to be clearly listed. A written constitution would provide that legal document for future references. A written constitution provides a clear distinction between constitutional and ordinary laws.Advertising Looking for essay on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The article is relevant to this thesis because it provides the reasons which led to the adoption of a written constitution in Britain. The journal supports the thesis; written constitution supports liberal democracy and growth. This journal provides the gaps which existed in unwritten constitution of Britain. In addition, it addresses the need to include clauses on human rights in the constitution. Moreover, it addresses the need for public welfare in governance as well as the need to implement rule of law.

IDENTITY DEVELOPMENT essay

IDENTITY DEVELOPMENT essay IDENTITY DEVELOPMENT essay IDENTITY DEVELOPMENT essayAbstractI’m a black male who was raised by a single mother. My mother not only raised me, my identical twin brother, and our older brother, but she also raised foster children. My mother had a burden to help those in need. Although society considered our family â€Å"dysfunctional†, because there was no father figure around; my mother was able to look past our current situation and seek out those in need and provide a service to them.Due to a job related injury, my mother was unable to work; therefore, she volunteered at the Salvation Army in the soup kitchen where she would serve food to poverty stricken people of our community. She also assisted in a program at the Salvation Army that is similar to Girl Scouts, but it was called the Sunbeams. I started to realize that a majority of the individuals at the soup kitchen were black. Plus, a majority of the kids that attended Sunbeams were black, and came from dysfunctional homes. I did not realiz e at the time that I would develop a passion to help under privileged juveniles especially black juveniles.The following paper deals with the vital matter of racism and the way black people adapt in the predominant white society. The paper contains examples from my personal experience and explains in detail how I managed to come to a conclusion that the only way to find oneself in life is to see the hardships of people around you and finally develop one’s own identity with this background. Thus, my personal experience has shown that even though I grew up in a dysfunctional family, I managed to develop my identity to full extent. And at the end, I finally realized what my path in life should be, and that is helping black people, particularly juveniles that need support and assistance.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Key words: racism, identity development, inequality, stereotypes.Finding oneself in lifeAs I grew up, I realized that my mother had left her imprint on my life and the life of others. In the aforementioned paragraph I mentioned my mother was a foster parent. According to the state of Texas’ statistics, black children are over represented in the foster care system more than doubling their population (Pyle, 2009). Progress has been done to the system and officials agree to the disproportionality of one race in a program. The problem is complex but there is no quick fix or easy solution. In Texas, 26 percent of children removed from their homes last fiscal year were black, despite making up only 12 percent of the states children population, according to Childrens Protective Services. In the region, black children comprised 17 percent of cases, though only making up 6 percent of the population (Pyle, 2009).The foster children who actually stayed in our home for a long period of time were able to succeed in life. There were three black foster children who spent years with our family. They all entered our homes at different times . There was one male named Deandre and two females named Shatara and Michelle. Deandre graduated college and moved to Minnesota where he became a counselor working with teens and young adults. Shatara did not pursue college, but remains in Freeport where she works a full time job. Michelle entered our family two days after she was born with cocaine in her system. Michelle’s parents are from the Chicago area. Michelle’s parents were given the opportunity for Michelle to return home, but the parents never upheld there part of the deal with the Department of Children and Family Services (DCFS). My mother who gave birth to three boys had the opportunity to have a daughter by adopting Michelle.   Michelle graduated from high school with a 4.0 and then attended our local community college, from which she graduated with high honors and was accepted into the honor society.   Michelle is currently attending Howard University in Washington DC and is pursuing a degree in poli tical science; her goal is to become a corporate lawyer.Thus, it is obvious that even being black, a person can find oneself in life. Here, it should be admitted that if you have a kind heart and are passionate about helping those in need, you will be later rewarded by the well-being and success of those you once helped. Judging from the examples given above, one can see that despite racism present in our country, even black people can become successful in life, graduating from educational institutions and occupying high positions in different spheres of life.My own career choiceAs a teenager, I decided I wanted to be like my mother and help people.   I told myself that I was going to be a pastor, or a police officer. I soon realized that being a pastor was way harder than I thought. Being a pastor took a lot of discipline. As a pastor, I would have to study the Bible frequently in order to be prepared to deliver a Sunday morning message, Sunday night message, and Wednesday night message. I decided being a police officer was a better career choice for me.I spent my first five years as a police officer working in a predominately poverty stricken black area of the city. While working in this neighborhood, I helped facilitate programs that would connect the community and the police.   I wanted to establish a bond with the adults and adolescents in the community. The police department created a substation in this community where the Community Oriented Policing Unit (COP) worked out of. Myself and the other officers associated with COP developed a bicycle club called Wheels for Winners that met at the substation. COP officers were authorized to use stolen/lost bicycles that went unclaimed in the bike club. The neighborhood kids were shown how to disassemble the bikes including the internal components. The kids were then shown how to re-assemble the bicycle, and once they had completed working on the bike they were allowed to keep the bike. Plus, the police depa rtment received a grant to purchase brand new bicycles, which the students could ride when we took them on long rides and camping trips.Thus, one can see that there are many prospects and opportunities for a black person to find oneself in life, despite all the racism related problems. To proceed with this question, I will give one more example. Thus, the COP unit created another program called Kids and Police Serving (K.A.P.S). The neighborhood juveniles along with COP officers went on different trips to different states like Atlanta Georgia. The juveniles learned anti drugs, anti gang and other messages, and were taught how to perform skits and dramas based off of these anti messages. The students practiced these skits until they were comfortable enough to perform the dramas at different schools and organizations.These programs allowed me to see that juveniles’ especially young black juveniles who are given guidance and direction have the potential to break stereotypes. Som e of the juveniles went on to graduate college, some joined the workforce after high school, and some lived up to the stereotype. Here, it needs to be mentioned that judging from the above-mentioned examples, one can see that even black people living in the world full of stereotypes against them can become rightful citizens of the community.I felt pride that although Wheels for Winners and K.A.P.S did not save 100% of the participants it did give 100% of the participants the same chance to connect with influential people outside their community who they could use as a mentor .  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Access of black people to quality educationI transitioned to a new assignment where I worked as a School Resource Officer.   I worked at the high school, the middle school, and the alternative school which are all near each other.   The first year at the school I did a lot of arresting students for violating the law. The second year at the school, I became the as sistant wrestling coach and being the wrestling coach caused the students to humanize me; although throughout the school day I was dressed in full uniform. The students perception of me changed they did not perceive me as being a threat to them looking to take away their freedoms. I was able to make connections with students and was asked to be a mentor for one of the elementary schools. In the Ebony magazine (2007) an actor by the name Kodjoe who comes from a divorced household stated, â€Å" it is time for black men to step up and be fathers, because 80 % of black children live a portion of their lives without a father, being present in the household† (Samuel, 2007).Black fathers need to show the world that we are devoted, dedicated, and dependable (Samuel, 2007). I mentored two black males at the elementary school. The curriculum that was provided was from a book called â€Å"The Talk my Father never had with me†. The following school year I was asked to mentor five high school students. During the first session, I realized that all five students were black and lived in a single parent home.   I mentored one of the students for only two weeks before I arrested him for breaking into the school after hours and vandalizing school property.   I would have continued to mentor him but he was expelled from school.Here, it needs to be stated that African-American students, who make up slightly less than half of those enrolled in Chicago Public Schools, face harsher discipline than their white and Latino classmates but have better access to quality education than minority students in other large, urban districts, according to a study to be released by the U.S. Department of Education (Hood, 2012). Students with Voice of Youth in Chicago Education held a news conference outside the Cook County Juvenile Center, calling on Mayor Rahm Emanuel to end extreme discipline policies that, they say, are forcing African-American and Latino students out of scho ol (Hood, 2012).IDENTITY DEVELOPMENT part 2 essay

Discuss Rome's Three Heirs (Please see the instruction) Essay

Discuss Rome's Three Heirs (Please see the instruction) - Essay Example irers of Roman culture and allowed the Roman language Latin to co-exist with the tribal languages, retaining the Roman system of Government and accommodating themselves to Roman culture. Rome was also the cultural context within Christianity was born and the invading tribes took to the new religion, especially through the influence of the Franks who helped to convert most of the barbarians to Roman Christianity. The European civilizations therefore brought about a relatively peaceful transition from Roman to Germanic rule, although there was an initial economic collapse due to the marauding barbarians. However, the final result was that the Roman language, the Catholic religion and Roman law and Government triumphed in the west European regions in the post-Roman era. Constantinople in the eastern part of the Roman Empire became the imperial capital of the Byzantine Empire. As opposed to the barbarians of the west, this empire was comprised of Hellenistic, Greek, Roman and Judaic elements. The origin of the empire was the rebuilding of Byzantium as Constantinople in 324, which was followed by the expansion of the empire into Asia Minor and the spread of the Islamic religion, up to 1204 when the Byzantine empire fell to the Ottoman Turks. The first phase of the Byzantine empire under emperor Justinian was the most remarkable in terms of political and cultural achievement. From a cultural perspective, Constantinople represented the crossroads of the Asian and European civilizations. From a legal perspective, Justinian ordered a collation and revision of Roman law. As a result, the law was codified to eliminate excessive legal decrees and introduce clear, enforceable laws. The corpus juris civilis or the body of civil law was produced, which contained the precepts of the law and also contained Justinian’s code of bringing subjects under the authority of a single sovereign, which latter also became the foundation of European law. The Government was centralized

Steroid use in sports Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Steroid use in sports - Research Paper Example The underlying question is the source of the opinion that the steroids are crucial in muscle and strength development. The society has played a significant part and this is the reason for the increase in steroid use even among the youths. Like any other drugs, steroids are entirely used for their anticipated results. Through their use, one is able to increase his strength and body conformation within a short period (Harris 59). This is contrary to the natural method of improving one’s body conformation and strength though hard regular exercise. Despite this, use of steroids is usually combined with exercise in order to achieve the desired results. Since the user advocate that its use is not right, they usually take them in their privacy. It is evident that everyone wants to be a winner in everything he undertakes. Numerous records have been put and broken by many. This has been a source of motivation to various persons, who are ready to undertake anything in order to break the records. Furthermore, the returns to the winners are soaring up which have been a motivator for all. The number of youth engaging in the use of steroids has been on the increase and is now becoming an international concern. This is mainly because youths are less aware of the side effects of steroids use. On the other hand, ignorance curiosity led them to using the drug. At their age, many adore fame and recognition and thus they use the drugs in order to have a competitive edge over other athletes. The athletes consume the steroids in many ways. The choice of the method used depends on the urgency of realizing the anticipated results and the side effects of the method. Some of the most commonly used methods include Oral steroids – these steroids are consumed through the mouth in the form of pills or liquid. The steroids are observed to